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Taking the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology as an example, this paper expounds a series of practices of online education, in the process from pre-course training, platform selection, curriculum design, to student evaluation, etc. From that, we can provide a reference for carrying out online teaching in response to the epidemic for clinical medical colleges which have not been exposed to the online course. Furthermore, it is a new attempt to explore a way to make a change of the traditional teaching method and deepen the reform of clinical teaching in our hospital after the epidemic, not only in professional medical education, but also in the popularization of medical knowledge.
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OBJECTIVE@#To observe growth inhibition effect of perlecan anti-sense cDNA (pAP) on human laryngeal carcinoma xnografted in nude mice. To vertify its antitumor effect and mechanism in vivo, and it may be useful as a biomarker in carcinoma of larynx cancer.@*METHOD@#Created the model of human laryngeal carcinoma xnograft in nude mice. To observe growth of those xnografts in nude mice and draw growth curve of xnografted. The expression of perlecan mRNA and portein in xnografts were examined by RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry.@*RESULT@#Volume of xnografts in the group transfected by the plasmids of pAP were significant small as compared with other two groups made by the wild type cells and phpApr-neol cells (P < 0.05). It was showed that the expression of perlecan mRNA and protein were significantly reduced in the tumor of pAP transfected Hep-2 cells as compared with the tumors transfected by the wild type cells and phβApr-neol cells (P < 0.01).@*CONCLUSION@#These data raise the possibility that pAP many play key roles in the growth of those xnografts in nude mice.
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Animals , Humans , Mice , DNA, Antisense , Therapeutic Uses , DNA, Complementary , Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycans , Genetics , Heterografts , Laryngeal Neoplasms , Pathology , Therapeutics , Mice, Inbred BALB C , Mice, Nude , Plasmids , RNA, Messenger , Metabolism , Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction , TransfectionABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the diagnostic value of apparent diffusion coefficient in the evaluation of sinonasal masses.Methods Sixty-seven sinonasal solid masses over 1 cm in diameter confirmed by pathology were retrospectively analyzed,all patients underwent preoperative routine MRI with DWI,the ADC values were measured in ROI within the solid mass.The patients were divided into benign and malignant groups by the histopathology,according to pathological findings,the patients were further divided into the hematolymphoid tumors,the malignancy of epithelium and mesenchymal tissue,the benign tumors of epithelial and mesenchymal tissue,and vasogenic masses.ANOVA test and t test were used to compare the ADC values of different groups.The receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) was constructed using various cut points of ADC for different parameters to confirm the diagnostic threshold value and evaluate the diagnostic efficacy.Results All lesions were solitary.There were 22 malignant tumors,of which 6 lesions were hematolymphoid tumors and 16 lesions malignancy from epithelium and mesenchymal tissue.There were 45 benign tumors,of which 22 lesions were benign tumors from epithelium and mesenchymal tissue and 23 lesions vasogenic masses.The mean ADC value of malignant and benign masses was(0.88 ± 0.26) × 10-3 mm2/s and (1.54 ± 0.41) × 10-3 mm2/s respectively.There was statistically significant differences between them (t =6.897,P ＜ 0.01).The mean ADC value was(0.63 ± 0.10) × 10-3 mm2/s in hematolymphoid tumors,(0.97 ±0.24) × 10 3 mm2/s in malignancy from epithelium and mesenchymal tissue,(1.38 ± 0.23) × 10-3 mm2/s in benign tumors from epithelium and mesenchymal tissue,(1.68 ± 0.49) × 10-3 mm2/s in vasogenic masses respectively.There was statistically significant difference among all 4 groups(F =22.788,P ＜ 0.01),and the differences between any 2 groups were still statistically significant(P ＜ 0.05).The area under the ROC calculated was 0.945.Using an ADC value of 1.08 × 10-3 mm2/s as the threshold value for differentiating malignant from benign lesions,the best result obtained had a sensitivity of 81.8％ (18/22),specificity of 97.8％ (44/45),accuracy of 92.5 ％ (62/67).Conclusion The ADC value is a valuable tool in differentiating benign from malignant masses and different kinds of masses in sinus and nasal cavity.
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Objective To observe imaging characteristics of carotid body tumor and schwannoma in carotid space. Methods CT, MRI and digital subtraction angiography (DSA) appearances of 16 patients with carotid body tumors and schwannomas in carotid space confirmed pathologically were retrospectively analyzed. There were 8 patients with carotid body tumors and 8 patients with schwannomas. Six patients with carotid body tumors and 5 patients with schwannomas underwent CT plain scan. All the patients underwent MR plain and contrast-enhanced scan. Four patients with carotid body tumors and 2 patients with schwannomas underwent DSA examination. Results CT: Six carotid body tumors were lobulated soft tissue masses. The density of the tumors was similar to neck muscles. Two carotid body tumors involving jugular foramen expanded jugular foramen, and the margin was irregular and erosion-destructive. Five schwannomas were ovoid or fusiform soft tissue masses. The density of the tumors was mixed. Two schwannomas involved jugular foramen expanded jugular foramen, and the margin was smooth. MRI: Eight carotid body tumors were lobulated, well-defined, longitudinal growth masses with characteristic high-velocity flow voids. The tumor splayed and surrounded internal carotid artery and external carotid artery. The diameters of the arteries were normal. The tumors intensely enhanced on contrast-enhanced MRI. Eight schwannomas were ovoid or fusiform, well-defined, longitudinal growth masses with heterogeneous signal, splaying carotid artery and jugular vein. The diameters of the vessels were narrow. The tumors nonuniformly enhanced on contrast-enhanced MRI. DSA: Four carotid body tumors showed intense tumor blush, while 2 schwannomas showed slight tumor blush. Conclusion According to the imaging characteristic of the tumors, carotid body tumor and schwannoma in carotid space can be accurately differentiated.
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Objective To study the CT and MRI findings of hemorrhagic and necrotic nasal polyps. Methods The imaging data of 17 cases with hemorrhagic and necrotic nasal polyps confirmed by surgery and pathology were analyzed retrospectively. CT was performed in 14 cases, MRI in 16 cases, of which 15 also underwent contrast-enhanced MRI. Results All 17 lesions with well-circumscribed margin originated in the areas of maxillary sinus ostia and extended into adjacent nasal cavity and maxillary sinus. The lesions appeared as lobular shape in 16 cases and oval shape in 1 case. On non-enhanced CT, 14 lesions showed heterogenous soft tissue density masses, the hyperdense strip and nodule were detected on the periphery and in the center of 2 lesions respectively. All the involved bony walls were compressed and remodeled with focal defect,especially in the medial wall of maxillary sinus. On MRI, all 16 lesions revealed inhomogenous signal. The central region of the lesions appeared hypointense signal on T_1WI compared to gray matter and hyperintense signal on T_2WI with line-like hypointense signal septa in 14 cases, the irregular hypointense signal rims were also found on the periphery of 15 lesions on T_2WI, postcontrast MR imaging showed strongly inhomogenous enhancing masses with non-enhancing hypointense rim, the appearances of enhancement showed multiple nodules in 10 cases, patches in 4 cases and leaf-like in 1 case. The typical simple polyps were present in the ipsilateral nasal cavity of the lesions in 4 cases, extending into nasal vestibule anteriorly and choana posteriorly. On dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI in 11 cases, the timeintensity curves (TIC) showed increasing enhancement type in 7 cases and rapid enhancement and slow wash-out type in 4 cases. Conclusion The inhomogenous hyperintensity surrounded by the peripheral hypointense rim on MR T_2WI and marked nodular and patchy enhancement appearance are typical features of hemorrhagic and necrotic nasal polyps. CT is helpful to judge the nature of lesions, but difficultly confirms the diagnosis, while MRI should be the imaging modality of first choice for hemorrhagic and necrotic nasal polyps.
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In order to study the effect of 5, 6-Dichloro-1-beta-D-ribofuranosyl-benzimidazole (DRB) on the biological characteristics of human laryngeal carcinoma Hep-2 cell line in vitro, Hep-2 cells cultured in vitro were treated with different concentrations of DRB. Changes in cell proliferation, apoptotic rate and invasiveness were detected by MTT assay, flow cytometry (FCM) and matrigel in vitro invasion assay, respectively. It was found that DRB inhibited the proliferation of Hep-2 cells in a dose-and time-dependent manner. After being treated with 0, 10, 20, 40, 80 microm mol/L DRB for 24 h, the apoptotic rate in Hep-2 cells was (0.68+/-0.19)%, (1.95+/-0.12)%, (8.51+/-0.26)%, (11.26+/-0.17)% and (14.99+/-0.32)%, respectively. The matrigel in vitro invasion assay revealed that DRB began to inhibit the invasion of Hep-2 cells at the concentration of 5 microm mol/L, and with the increase of DRB concentration, the inhibitory effect was enhanced. It was suggested that DRB could influence the essential biological characteristics of Hep-2 cells, inhibit Hep-2 cells proliferation, reduce invasive ability and induce apoptosis of Hep-2 cells.
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In order to study the effect of 5, 6-Dichloro-1-β-D-ribofuranosyl-benzimidazole (DRB) on the biological characteristics of human laryngeal carcinoma Hep-2 cell line in vitro, Hep-2 cells cultured in vitro were treated with different concentrations of DRB. Changes in cell proliferation, apoptotic rate and invasiveness were detected by MTT assay, flow cytometry (FCM) and matrigel in vitro invasion assay, respectively. It was found that DRB inhibited the proliferation of Hep-2 cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. After being treated with 0, 10, 20, 40, 80 μmmol/L DRB for 24 h, the apoptotic rate in Hep-2 cells was (0.68±0.19) %, (1.95±0.12)%, (8.51 ±0.26)%, (11.26±0.17) % and (14.99±0.32)%, respectively. The matrigel in vitro invasion assay revealed that DRB began to inhibit the invasion of Hep-2 cells at the concentration of 5 μmmol/L, and with the increase of DRB concentration, the inhibitory effect was enhanced. It was suggested that DRB could influence the essential biological characteristics of Hep-2 cells, inhibit Hep-2 cells proliferation, reduce invasive ability and induce apoptosis of Hep-2 cells.
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OBJECTIVE To construct siRNA eukaryotic expression vector targeting protein kinase CK2?and to investigate its inhibitory effect on invasion of the HEp-2 cell line in human laryngeal carcinoma. METHODS siRNA expression vector psiRNA-hH1neo-CK2 targeting protein kinase CK2?was constructed by gene recombination,and then was transfected into the HEp-2 cells by lipofectamine methods. Protein kinase CK2?mRNA and protein of the transfected cells were detected by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR) and Western blot,respectively. The invasion of the transfected cells was measured by Boyden chamber.SP method was used to examine the expressions of MMP2 and TIMP2 protein of the transfected HEp-2 cells. RESULTS Protein kinase CK2?siRNA expression vector was successfully constructed by gene recombination. Compared with non-specific interfering groups and blank groups, protein kinase CK2?mRNA and protein were significantly decreased respectively in the psiRNA-hHIneo-CK2 groups(P
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In order to study the expressions of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in human laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) and its significance, the expression of VEGF mRNA and COX-2 mRNA in 62 cases of LSCC and 54 adjacent noncancerous laryngeal tissues and 9 normal human laryngeal mucous tissues was detected by using techniques of semi-quantitative RT-PCR. It was found that the expression level of VEGF and COX-2 mRNA was significantly increased in LSCC as compared with that in the normal human laryngeal mucous tissues (both P < 0.01), and the expression level of VEGF and COX-2 mRNA were significantly increased in stage Ill + IV tissues of LSCC as compared with the stage I + II tissues of LSCC (P < 0.01). There was a high positive correlation between VEGF and COX-2 expression in LSCC (r = 0.756, P < 0.01). These data raise the possibility that VEGF and COX-2 may play key roles in the growth, invasion and metastasis of LSCC.
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Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/metabolism , Cyclooxygenase 2/biosynthesis , Cyclooxygenase 2/genetics , Laryngeal Neoplasms/metabolism , RNA, Messenger/biosynthesis , RNA, Messenger/genetics , Biomarkers, Tumor , Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/biosynthesis , Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/geneticsABSTRACT
In order to study the expressions of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in human laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) and its significance,the expression of VEGF mRNA and COX-2 mRNA in 62 cases of LSCC and 54 adjacent noncancerous laryngeal tissues and 9 normal human laryngeal mucous tissues was detected by using techniques of semi-quantitative RT-PCR. It was found that the expression level of VEGF and COX-2 mRNA was significantly increased in LSCC as compared with that in the normal human laryngeal mucous tissues (both P＜0.01), and the expression level of VEGF and COX-2 mRNA were significantly increased in stage Ⅲ + Ⅳ tissues of LSCC as compared with the stage Ⅰ + Ⅱ tissues of LSCC (P ＜0. 01). There was a high positive correlation between VEGF and COX-2 expression in LSCC (r=0. 756,P＜0.01). These data raise the possibility that VEGF and COX-2 may play key roles in the growth, invasion and metastasis of LSCC.
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To observe the glial reactions surrounding facial motor neurons following facial nerve anastomosis. At 1,7,21 and 60 d following facial nerve anastomosis, the recovery process of facial movement was observed, the glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) immunoreactivitywas analyzed by a combined method of fluorescent retrograde tracing and immunofluorescent histochemical stai ning, and the ultrastructure of astrocytes were observed under a transmission electron microscope (TEM), respectively. Postoperatively the function of facial muscles could not return to normal, often accompanied with hyperkinetic syndromes such as synkinesis at the late stage. Motor neurons in every facial subnucleus could be retrogradely labeled by fluoro gold (FG), and displayed an evident somatotopic organization. Normally there was a considerable number of GFAP-positive cells in nonnucleus regions but few inside the facial nucleus region. Postoperatively the GFAP immunoreactivity in the anastomotic side increased significantly, but gradually decreased at the late stage. The ultrastructure of astrocytes in our experiment showed that the sheet-like process of astrocytes invested and protected the injured facial motor neurons. The present study shows that reactive astrocytes undergo some characteristic changes during the process of facial nerve injury and regeneration. The plastic change at the late stage may be involved in the mechanism of synkinesis.
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AIM: To establish recombination plasmid pEGFP-NGB and to investigate the expression of pEGFP-NGB in culture neuroglia cells. METHODS: The NGB cds was isolated by using RT-PCR method with total RNA extracted from fetal Kunming mouse brain, then the NGB cds was cloned into the eukaryotic expression vector pEGFP-C1 of EGFP reported green fluorescence protein. The expression vector of recombinant plasmid pEGFP-NGB was successfully constructed. GeneJamer transfection reagent was used to transfer recombinant plasmid pEGFP-NGB into culture neuroglial cells. The mRNA and protein expression of pEGFP-NGB in culture neuroglial cells were investigated. RESULTS: The positive clone sequencing was consistent with the sequence of Genbank. The NGB mRNA and protein expression of pEGFP-NGB in culture neuroglial cells were detected at high levels. The high expression of green fluorescence protein was observed by fluorescence microscope in culture neuroglial cells. CONCLUSION: The expression vector of recombinant plasmid pEGFP-NGB was successfully constructed and green fluorescence protein was expressed in cultured neuroglial cells.
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AIM: To explore the pathogenic mechanism of high altitude pulmonary edema(HAPE). METHODS: Haemodynamic changes and effects of 100 percent oxygen breathing were measured by Swan-Ganz thermistor catheters, high altitude healthy volunteers were served as controls. RESULTS: The important features of haemodynamic changes in HAPE: (1)Pulmonary arterial pressure was raised; (2)Pulmonary arterial resistance and cardiac output were raised; (3)Pulmonary artery wedge pressures and right atrial pressure were normal; (4)Pulmonary arterial pressure and resistance were induced by oxygen breathing. CONCLUSIONS: The normal pulmonary artery wedge pressures with a high cardiac output indicated that HAPE was recognized as a form of noncardiogenic pulmonary edema. The pulmonary hypertension may play an important role in the development of HAPE.
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Purpose:To evaluate the feasibility of balloon catheter dilatation and internal stent placement in the treatment of Takayasu's arterial stenosis.Materials and Methods:Three patients with stenosis of common carotid arteries caused by Takayasu' s disease were treated with PTA by balloon catheter and intravaseular stent placement,the lenghs of stenosis were all beyond 8cm.Balloon angioplasty was performed in one patient,the others were treated with Wallstent stents after PTA.Result:Immediately after treatment,angiography and ultrasound showed that the proportion of stenosis was zero and all appeared to achieve in good result.The artery treated with PTA was completely occluded after 1 year follow-up;the other two patients with stents placement were also examined by angiography and ultrasound at 4,5 months and 4 months respectively after the praeedure.For the patient with left carotid artery stenosis,the proximal part of the segment with the intravascular stent showed a restenosis;the other patient was normal.Conclusion:We considered that intravascular stent placement be might to the treatment for Takayacu' s arteritis with long segment stenosis of common carotid artery.
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T lymphocyte subpopulation and level of soluble interleuckin 2 receptor in peripheral bloodand serum of primary hepatocellular carcinoma and donor were tested.The results show that de-crease of T lymphocyte subpopulations is related with increase of level of soluble interleuckin2 re-ceptor in patients with primary hepatocellular carcinoma.